ABSTRACT
Objective @#To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of food-borne diseases in Jinshan District, Shanghai from 2014 to 2020, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the public health strategy for food-borne diseases control. @*Methods @#The medical records of patients with food-borne diseases were collected from 16 monitoring hospitals in Jinshan District from 2014 to 2020, and the basic information, clinical symptoms, history of suspicious dietary exposure and disease diagnosis were extracted. The crowd distribution, temporal distribution, spatial distribution, history of suspected dietary exposure and etiological characteristics of patients with food-borne diseases were descriptively analyzed.@*Results @#A total of 1 060 cases with food-borne diseases were reported in Jinshan District from 2014 to 2020, including 1 057 cases with infectious diseases ( 99.72% ) and 3 poisoning cases ( 0.28% ). The male/female ratio of the cases was 0.94∶1, and 47.55% ( 504 cases ) were at ages of 15 to 44 years. Working ( 402 cases, 37.92% ) and farming ( 218 cases, 20.57% ) were predominant occupations, and the detection of food-borne diseases was concentrated between May and October, with two peaks seen in August and May. The suspicious food exposure was predominantly meat and meat products (215 cases, 20.28%), and the suspicious food exposure place was predominantly at home ( 363 cases, 34.25% ). In addition, the positive rate of food-borne infection was 23.03% in 712 samples, including 123 samples with Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections ( 17.83% positive rate ), and 26 samples with Salmonella infections ( 3.65% positive rate ).@*Conclusion @#Food-borne diseases were highly prevalent in summer in Jinshan District from 2014 to 2020, and infectious cases were predominant. Young people, workers and farmers are at high risk of food-borne diseases, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Salmonella were predominant pathogens.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the determinants of physical activity during leisure time among junior high school students in Jinshan District of Shanghai based on socio-ecological model, so as to provide basis for health promotion in adolescents. @*Methods@#Six public junior high schools were randomly selected from Jinshan District and then a class was selected from every grade. The physical activity of the students in the spare time of one week was monitored. The determinants of physical activity were investigated through a self-designed questionnaire based on socio-ecological model,and were analyzed by optimal scaling regression. @* Results@#A total of 645 questionnaires were sent out, 622（96.43%）of which were valid. The median time spent on active physical activity after school on weekdays and at weekends was 29.00 min and 45.00 min, respectively. The scores of individual, interpersonal and environmental factors were 10.53 ± 2.04, 5.10 ± 1.51 and 8.31 ± 1.85,respectively. The results of the optimal scaling regression analysis showed that residence（β=-0.117, -0.159）,individual factors（β=0.244,0.277）, interpersonal factors（β=0.113, 0.085）and environmental factors（β=-0.140, -0.120) were the influencing factors for the physical activity in extracurricular time on weekdays and at weekends. On weekdays, the influence of individual factors was the largest （62.2%）,followed by interpersonal factors（20.8%）and residence（16.8%）. At weekends, the influence of individual factors was the largest（65.4%）, followed by residence（23.6%）and interpersonal factors（10.5%）.@*Conclusions@#The physical activity level during leisure time among junior high school students in Jinshan District is most affected by individual factors, followed by interpersonal factors and residence. The time spent on physical activity at weekends is insufficient, and the influence of residence is behind individual factors.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To improve physical activity by assessing pedometer-based physical activity during specific intervals over a week, among junior high school students,and to provide a reference for improving the level of students’ physical activity.@*Methods@#Students (n=675) of grades 6-8 from six public junior high schools in Shanghai were recruited and instructed to wear a pedometer for a week, step counts and contents were recorded over a specific period. This period mainly included steps taken on the way to and from school, at school, at home in the evening on weekdays, and in the morning, afternoon, and evening on weekends.@*Results@#The daily step counts recorded were 8 332 steps, with those on weekdays showing significantly higher values than step counts on weekends (9 065 steps vs. 6 392 steps)(t=22.9, P<0.01). Proportionately, the physical activity level at school contributed more to daily step counts (61.3%), followed by those on the commute to and from school(25.5%). Boys were more active than girls. For all intervals on weekdays, the step counts of students in rural districts, with overweight or obese, in grades 6 and 7, were higher than those in urban districts, with normal status, in grade 8 respectively (P<0.05). Low-activity students with physical education were more active than one without physical education(t boy=1.99,t girl=2.45,P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#These findings facilitate the implementation of effective, feasible interventions to enhance physical activity over a series of intervals during the day.